Postwar United Kingdom continental policy analysis _ xu large regions of

Postwar United Kingdom continental policy analysis (1945-1973) -United Kingdom from the angle of equilibrium and EU relations "English to situate, free and continent, like a giant sail hanging in the air of the sea". United Kingdom is European countries, but not the European continental countries, be a channel blocking. But from the island this special location decisions of national interests, United Kingdom and Europe countries and it is by no means "a water trap", "relationship between the United Kingdom and continental Europe has been the United Kingdom delicacy — to join the European Community, did not want to let it bound hand and foot. "The United Kingdom also never straightened out over it and the European Economic Community (EU). "United Kingdom diplomatic persisted in three areas, namely the stability of the Commonwealth politics, and American relations, the policy of the European continent. "This writing focus is the United Kingdom to the European continent policy (hereinafter referred to as the" mainland policies "), and the United Kingdom's policy on the European continent, in practice the implementation it embodies in its European Economic Community (EU) policies, and involves the special relationship between Britain and the United States. After the second world war the United Kingdom on the European continent, or specifically the policy of the United Kingdom to the European Community, and in General to 1973 as the dividing line is divided into the United Kingdom joined the European Community, until the policy and the policy after the joining of two large period. The two large period has close contact between and, in particular, the United Kingdom joined in 1973, the EC's policy before and occupies an important position, because on the one hand it is inseparable from the history of the United Kingdom, reflecting the influence of the United Kingdom historical tradition; on the other hand, is more important is that it basically determines the United Kingdom's accession to the EC after the general trend of the continental policy. It is precisely this reason, I chose the 1945-1973 this period as the analysis of material, just from the beginning to the end of World War II United Kingdom formally joined the European Community. I was under the age of two distinct continental policy, is divided into the 1950s and 1960s and two stages of analysis, exploration of the two phases of the United Kingdom mainland policy formation, evolution and their causes, and from Britain and the special relationship of perspective on this issue. But this article has not been to this end, I also tried this historical period United Kingdom mainland policy analysis, combined with the present United Kingdom diplomacy a big dilemma — the United Kingdom and EU relations-from the United Kingdom the traditional "balance point of view of policy", made a new interpretation, from another perspective the discord between the fake, continuous relations. First, the fifties continent policy: detached isolationism we visit the United Kingdom in the 1950s, the continental policy cannot be separated from the two basic points: the history of the United Kingdom on the European continent policy around traditional and nearly 20 years after the United Kingdom's foreign policy "three ring diplomacy". Because the cause of the island itself, and it is early to take external expansion of ocean State, the United Kingdom has been detached from the European mainland. In spite of living in continental Europe, the United Kingdom always aloof attitude intervention Mainland Affairs. History of the United Kingdom's involvement in European wars, such as two hundred years war, the Napoleonic wars, and so on, are the United Kingdom by virtue of the military, especially sea advantages, the use of force to the island. It's the starting point for EU policy is to try using this system, to sustain Europe's balance of power between the countries, which country is not allowed, prevail over other countries, in particular, cannot allow any continent countries United Kingdom challenge hegemonic status. In other words, traditionally United Kingdom has always been taken "isolationist" policy, the use of "balance" of realism. Because of this historical tradition, the United Kingdom has never put himself and the other European continental countries placed in the same horizontal level, even after the second world war, but has super to Western European countries on global powers. Churchill following this passage, it is able to reflect United Kingdom at the time of this mentality: "our position where? we are not a member of the European defence group, or you do not wish to be included in a federal Europe system. We feel that we have with both, this can be used ' with ' the preposition, instead of using the '-' to indicate that we are together with them, but it does not belong to them--------"United Kingdom" detached "attitude reflected in foreign policy is Churchill 's" three ring diplomacy ". October 9, 1948, Churchill in United Kingdom, the conservative party's annual comprehensive, systematic "three ring diplomacy" thought. He said: "I believe that in a free and democratic countries, the existence of three large rings. ---------For us, the first ring is the Commonwealth and the British Empire and its all included. Second, China, Canada and other Commonwealth autonomous areas, and the United States in which such an important role to play in English world. Finally the United Europe. This three ring co-exist, if they are linked together, they have no power or strength enough to overthrow of them, or even to their challenges. Now if you think this mutual connection of three large rings, then you will see that we are in the three big ring are accounted for a large part of the only countries. In fact we are in the connection point. The island is located in a number of air routes are Centre; we have the opportunity to put them all together. " On Churchill "three ring diplomacy" theory for analysis, we found the first ring is relying on the United Kingdom itself and the power of a Commonwealth country, this is the foundation of everything; the second ring is followed and rely on the United States, with the United States into "special relationship" and this is key; the third ring is the United Kingdom to act as the West's number two leader, control of the Western European Union. Visible, Churchill's "three ring diplomacy", by the Center to the perimeter is decreasing in importance. Hence we can draw two conclusions: first, the United Kingdom mainland policy is placed in the "three ring diplomacy" boxFrame, and is the least important. 2 United Kingdom is superior to the European continent, it is to "guardian" of the relationship with the continent as at the European continent under the leadership of the United Kingdom, "This determines the United Kingdom until the mid-1950s, are taken so that a basic position; both support progress in the European Union movement and want to maintain and the United States and the special relationship between the Commonwealth countries. "As Kissinger in the great diplomacy," says: "the United Kingdom does not think of themselves as a pure European countries. After all, she's a crisis often originate from Europe, but bring it from the other side of the Atlantic. "The special relationship between Britain and the United States during the second world war had already formed. While the post-war 1950s this special relationship is reflected in the two sides in European issues by mutual advantage. For the United Kingdom, after the second world war the biggest national security threat is the Soviet Union, but no match for the Soviet Union itself, only the power of the United States to stay in Europe, the establishment of a security system to ensure its own security, which is the special relationship between Britain and the United States is to protect the European, particularly important means of United Kingdom safety. But in 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to set up and meets the United Kingdom in this kind of "safety requirements". This United Kingdom also has been focused on the European continent and the local defence. On the other hand, the United Kingdom is precisely with this "special relationship", to become United States and Western Europe between contacts, rather than on an equal footing with other countries, the United Kingdom of great powers met psycho-United Kingdom-led the European Union. In this way, the 1950s United Kingdom mainland policy features can be summarized as follows: on the one hand, the United Kingdom mainland policies in the overall importance of diplomacy, inferior to the Commonwealth and the special relationship between Britain and the United States, is subject to United Kingdom interests and needs of the British relations; on the other hand, the United Kingdom adopted a non-intervention in the Mainland Affairs of "isolationism" or "detached" attitude to outsider status for the European Union but not join, but under its leadership, and after the establishment of the European economic community, also adopted a policy of refusing to join. As Kenneth · Voltz (WALTZ) has said: "the United Kingdom for more than 10 years in the European policy of indecision, reflects its reluctance to put Europe on other interests, or even on the same level. "So what exactly is what factors contributed to the United Kingdom mainland in the 1950s? this article that might lie in the following areas: a, psychological factors, embodied in the persistent power of mind. Although experienced the second world war a severe test, the United Kingdom will inevitably decline, political, economic and military strength is seriously weakened international status has plummeted, but the United Kingdom is not willing to admit that they become the "second", still strongly believe that the European and world domination. United Kingdom power caused the mentality of the specific reason can be summed up in two points: 1, the United Kingdom during World War II fighting tenaciously. World War two the channel successfully prevented the Hitler's Germany, and in the isolated situation of Germany against a massive air strikes, so that the United Kingdom as European anti-fascist war an important fortress and powerful rear base, and for the United States to decide whether the war won enough of time. It is precisely because of the United Kingdom in the anti-fascist war played such an important role in the United Kingdom were more convinced that the war is in International Affairs plays a big role still; 2, the former British Empire consists of three parts: the Isles, Dominion and the colony. At that time, the United Kingdom is still one of the world's largest colonial empire. World War II, the Commonwealth and the United Kingdom subsidiary colonies in anti-fascist war also plays an important role in indelible, this also enhances the sense of power in the United Kingdom. Second, economic factors. 1, although the war United Kingdom caused huge trauma, but the post-war United Kingdom's economic strength is still "strong". Post-war United Kingdom coal output "almost all will become the national organization for European economic cooperation. 1947 combined five original steel output is 1270 million tons, and the Organization for European economic cooperation of the same year the country's steel output of only 1760 million tons, and in 1938 the former main steel output was 1060 million tons, which's output is 3490 million tons. "Until 1961, the United Kingdom's economic strength has always lived in Western Europe in the first place. 2, the United Kingdom and the EC Member States of the six original gravity in trade. 6 countries most trade is carried out within the community, they favour the establishment of a non-tariff trade group. Whereas the United Kingdom's trade center of gravity in regions outside of Europe, the Commonwealth's trade accounts for its foreign trade about 40 per cent of the total, and Oulu 6 trade accounted for only 14 per cent, it is not willing to join the Group of European trade. 3. from the community itself, in the fifties also does not have sufficient grounds to demonstrate European integration achieved economic success. III. other factors. 1, worried about the loss of foreign policy flexibility. United Kingdom diplomatic traditions of flexibility — according to the conditions of the change on the modifications to the outside world. Therefore, the United Kingdom joined the European Community after being afraid of too many constraints, the forfeit its foreign policy flexibility. 2, after the second world war, the United Kingdom to establish and maintain a special relationship with Britain and the United States as the main content of the foreign policy of the United States to effect "through to the world," and do not want to put their own development and future limits in Europe, this is directly determine the United Kingdom and continental Europe drift apart. Second, the 1960s continent policy: 20 years of the adjustment period in the 1950s United Kingdom pursued a policy of "isolationism", although in some way brought to it many benefits, but with the development of the situation in Europe, to the late 1950s, such policies have not executed any longer. United Kingdom, under the leadership of the European Union not only as a "yellow beam dream" but beyond United Kingdom unexpected is that the EC was quite successful in operation, but also showed strong economic power and political influence. But at this point, the United Kingdom but deeply into a serious national recession. Reality is forcing the "pragmatic" in the United Kingdom had to reflect on the continent over the past decade, began its policy for nearly 20 years of policy adjustment period. With Henry Kissinger's words, that is: "to a 1995 O decade, United Kingdom cannot grow at a distance of Europe, as Europe-United Kingdom forces occasionally intervention must be to halt the rise of a tyrant. "At the turn of the ' 60s, BritishThe European countries, has a new look. EC showed strong economic power and political influence. EC 6 trade in 1961, the year has increased by 30 per cent more, including the United Kingdom, 7 countries Trade Union trade grew by only 16 per cent. At the same time, the United Kingdom national economic recession, there surprising "United Kingdom", disease dropped significantly national strength. So on the continent policy reflection of sound in the United Kingdom. Macmillan following this thought-provoking: "should be outside the European Union movement, or to promote the campaign and meet our responsibilities? should remain in effect in the new world, or in the modern world of the great Union of our own before we allow political and economic forces continue to decline relative to weaken our influence? isolated United Kingdom on Federal allies is not much effect, I believe they understand this. "MacMillan's view, the same population, resources, have an overwhelming advantage in six countries, rather than direct confrontation to join, so that the United Kingdom may be internal change community development and play a leading role. So, after a long period of time after the boycott, wandering, the United Kingdom in 1961, officially announced the application to join the community, but it was Charles de Gaulle France to "Trojan horse" that veto. After that, the United Kingdom and in 1967, 1970 continuous two formal application, finally in 1973, the formal accession to the European Community. At this point, the United Kingdom's foreign policy from big global diplomacy to focus changes for Europe, the United Kingdom mainland policy adjustments have also come to an end. By examining this part of history, I found in the United Kingdom continental policy adjustment, the "special relationship" between Britain and the United States played a double role: on the one hand, United Kingdom United States want to join the European Economic Community; whereas, on the other hand, it is precisely this "special relationship" between the United Kingdom resulted in the first two applications for accession to the European Community was rejected. In the 1970s, as the EC economy gradually, the military would like to change the situation of dependent United States, the United States feel pressure from Europe. United States for the stronger European back under his leadership, the United Kingdom's accession to the EU actively supports the United Kingdom by the "influence to affect Europe". However, the United Kingdom Government was defeated France Government's two previous applications, apart from the Charles de Gaulle personal reasons, precisely between Britain and this "special relationship" between the United Kingdom's accession to the EC France fears will reflect the United States after the interests and intentions, the normal development of the European Community. From another perspective, an application is rejected, the United Kingdom also acts as the Europe and the United States (primarily Sarkozy) victims of conflicts. Europe (mainly in France) to all of the anger of the United States in the United Kingdom was issued against the United Kingdom joined the European Community, its essence is opposed to the United States for control and interference. This 20-year adjustment period is the United Kingdom an important period in Foreign Affairs, has extraordinary significance and influence, through this period United Kingdom foreign policy and operations, we can say that this twenty years is the United Kingdom foreign "relocation" of 20 years, and "connecting" of 20 years. Said it was "relocation" of 20 years, the United Kingdom Government kept looking for themselves in the international political arena where appropriate: neither too, so that they can properly. In Anglo-American relations, no longer attempts to "wishful thinking" to maintain and the United States of "unique" and "special relationship", but still retains the facts is different from the General status of the West European countries. Policy in the European continent, it tried to join the European Economic Community and the fear of being isolated in continental Western Europe, eventually achieved a major diplomatic strategy for Europe. Said it is "connecting" for 20 years, because it still inherits the fifties "three ring diplomacy" part of the idea, in this sense, the "three ring diplomacy" thought and was not completely abandoned, but rather to rearrange the order of the three-ring ", the continental policy in the first place, it is also for United Kingdom actively adjust the continental policy, finally caught up with the" last ", only to later United Kingdom diplomacy has injected new factors, new Foundation has been laid," Margaret Thatcher's starting point will be 20 years of starting point. "So, what factors contributed to the United Kingdom the traditional continental policy adjustment, its the first ever European-oriented" focus "of diplomacy? General, because its power is no longer supporting their original diplomatic pattern, it must be adjusted at the same time it is also integrated in a variety of factors. I. economic factors. Primarily to: (1) the strength of the United Kingdom itself further decline. Throughout the 1960s, United Kingdom-economic slowdown emerged, slow economic growth, continual landslide. 1961 in the Western world, the West German gross domestic product has exceeded the United Kingdom rose to become the second, third, the United Kingdom to the United Kingdom in the mid-1960s and dropped to fifth place, but to the end of the 1960s, the United Kingdom and other Western countries, the gap is widening, United Kingdom GDP of about 1090 billion, while West Germany is 1500 1400 billion u.s. dollars, France. 1968-1970, the United Kingdom, the average inflation rate of 5 per cent, but the 1970-1973, has risen to 8.6% after inflation, 1973 speed increased further, 1973-1974 to 16 per cent, 1974-1975 24.1 per year. International balance of payments situation is miserable. In 1967 the balance of payments current account deficit reached as high as $ 3 million, is up in 1973, balance of payments deficit of up to 15 billion pounds, 1974 October 1 — $ 32 billion pounds. 2, while at the same time, the European continent is thriving, economic prosperity, social stability, the role of the European Community and the United Kingdom looming on the European continent (EC) on the common market in gradually deepen, quickly replace the Commonwealth has become the United Kingdom's most important export market. 1961 year EC trade on June has increased by 30 per cent more, including the United Kingdom, 7 countries trade group (i.e., "the European Free Trade Association,") between trade grew by only 16 per cent. From 1958 to 1963, the community of exports from the world's total 21.7 to 24.4 per cent. At the same time, the United Kingdom's dependence on the EU to deepen gradually, from 1958-1970, the United Kingdom to the common market of the exportingTotal exports of the United Kingdom, increased from 13.9 21.8 per cent (see table 1), United Kingdom nature cannot ignore the economic center of gravity of this transfer. 3. the importance of the British Commonwealth, the United Kingdom in the decrease of the Commonwealth exports by 50 percent in 1951 to 1961 39 per cent; from 1958 37.3 per cent to 21 per cent in 1970. Second, political factors. Mainly in order to save the United Kingdom of great power status, to avoid being in isolation from the outside of the European continent. As noted above, the United Kingdom to continue outside the European Community, it will face, not just the economic "disaster", or in the world and the Commonwealth political impact of the recession. Macmillan say more straightforward and clear: If the United Kingdom do not participate in the United States, then it will be a step by step to make it a policy coordinated with Europe and the United Kingdom is "lost it to Europe and the United States--------would seriously weaken the position of our country", the United Kingdom will face "a violation of our views and interests and we will not be affected by the European political landscape", the United Kingdom chose to join the European Community's development direction, in order to avoid their marginalization, save their great power status. 3. diplomatic factors. This mainly reflected in its relations with the United States: 1, United States of promoting and advancing. On 4 July 1962, Kennedy in Philadelphia on European policy important notices, proposed the so-called "grand strategy". Promote and advance the United Kingdom joined the European Community is a "grand strategy" is one of the main objectives. Because the United States noted that Western Europe, in particular the EC's economic development speed, strength gradually increased; and military dependence on the United States is also changing, started to develop independent defence. United States did not want to sit sitting strong in Western Europe, from his leadership, but without your direct intervention, but if direct interference in European Affairs, the result may be counterproductive. So the United States want the United Kingdom joined the European Community, offset in Western Europe gradually increased independence from the United States of centrifugal trends, so as to achieve the joint process in Europe, stay put Europe back on the United States under the leadership of purpose. 2, the United Kingdom in order to maintain the Anglo-American "special relationship", you need to make an impact in Europe, to increase its dealings with the United States and the value of status. As the United Kingdom's economic status and its influence in Europe, the United States declined gradually underestimated the United Kingdom in its role of global strategy, while also not in the United Kingdom is the only ally in the United States, the United Kingdom has also come to realize that only a firm foothold in Europe, where in the United States to strengthen their own strength. In summary, the fundamental economic factors that ultimately determine the United Kingdom mainland policy directly change; political factors, the economic factor on the political level of direct reflection of the United Kingdom mainland policy change; and diplomatic factors is the external stimulus, on the United Kingdom continental policy changes up to the flames. Third, the United Kingdom mainland policy changed and unchanged factors through almost 30 years (1945-1973) and the United Kingdom mainland policy analysis, we found that, from the 1950s United Kingdom in the European Community, pursue isolationist detachment, the 1960s and adjusted to take the initiative to join the European Community, the implementation of key policies for Europe, there are many factors that have undergone profound changes, but there are some factors is never changing. First, the change of context. First, the United Kingdom's European environment changed dramatically. After entering the 1960s has been far from Europe of the United Kingdom to the European concept of "fading, strife, the rise of the tyrant" Europe. The establishment of the European communities and the development and growth, to render the European continent, a thriving, social stability and economic prosperity. EC economic strength rapidly into the 1970s, became a par with Japan, the United States of one of the world's largest economies. European environment of this change, weakened the United Kingdom mainland policies of the 1950s, even make this Foundation become bankrupt. Faced with a rise of powerful "mainland groups", the United Kingdom will not be detached from its top, isolation from the outside, despising and indifferent attitude to intrude on the European continent had fundamentally changed its policy on the European Community. Second, the United Kingdom's own strength and mentality change. As mentioned earlier, while the second world war has severely weakened United Kingdom political, economic, and military strength, international status has plummeted, but due to the inertia of the "big country", United Kingdom-economic decline is not immediately evident, and the United Kingdom's powers of mind is constantly expanding, not only do not see the change on the European continent, and hinder its own realistic assessment. However to the 1960s, the decline of the United Kingdom is an unstoppable, GDP in the world rankings in the reduce then drop, balance of payments situation was, in 1967, the unemployed population reached 49.6 million. United Kingdom people have to face the stark reality, even though it contains a number. United Kingdom temporarily rested unrealistic powers of mind, begin recognizing its decline, as the United Kingdom changed the fifties continent policy provides prerequisite. Second is unchanged. First, the decision from the national interests of the continental policy, it never changes, but will never change. The starting point for the United Kingdom mainland policy has always been its national interests. United Kingdom hoped that under their own national interest, in accordance with their wishes and ideas to European Affairs affecting the future of Europe. As the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century famous for activists and diplomat, Mr chon says: "we have no permanent allies or permanent enemies, our interests are permanent, unchanging. "1950s United Kingdom in the European Community, the attitude taken aloof, because in the fifties also no credible basis can prove that the EC had achieved economic success. But more important, in the 1950s as the focus of the United Kingdom national interests and not in the European continent, but rather in its relations with the Commonwealth and the Anglo-American "special relationship". But the United Kingdom did not complete disregard for Europe, but want to put the European Union on their dominant. This is also reflected in the United Kingdom have always had their own ideas on the European arrangements. To the 1960s, the situation has reversed, the EC has not only achieved economic success, and the United Kingdom become increasingly dependent on the existence of the European Community (seeThe second part of this article), on the other hand, the disintegration of the British Empire, the Commonwealth and the Anglo-American "special relationship" between the importance of decline. The focus of the national interests of the United Kingdom began to return to the European continent, the United Kingdom also adjusted its policy, the initiative has joined the community. But the United Kingdom joined the European Community, with Macmillan, is from the internal change community development and play a leading role. Second, the United Kingdom did not give up on "the pursuit of" power status. "The war of the United Kingdom is a diplomatic history of idealism and realism keynote intertwined history. ------Generally speaking it is the pursuit of great power status ". Since the 19th century, the United Kingdom dominating the world pursuing and maintaining great power status, is the important mission of United Kingdom diplomacy. Therefore this kind of "big complex of" more is deeply United Kingdom people's blood. After the war. 1950s Churchill "three ring diplomacy" fundamental purpose is to maintain a position of power in the United Kingdom. In the early 1970s United Kingdom historic diplomatic focus moved to Europe after his country's great power status remains very important, the quest for power status will never give up. As stated earlier, the United Kingdom chose to join the European Community, political considerations are to save their great power status, diplomatic considerations would also like to enhance their foothold in Europe and the United States of the component, to the effect "through the United States to influence world" approach to the pursuit of its great power status. IV. relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU: a balance of United Kingdom and European Union (EU), whether it be outside or active opt-in, is a fake, nine of the discord between the two. While current academic results, most scholars have put this special relationship causes attributed to the sovereignty dispute. Of course, this is insight into an important perspective to the issues, but we can change the perspective to this issue, from the United Kingdom in history and tradition, an important foreign policy — the balance of power — the point of view, the relationship between the back and that is exactly what I want to elaborate. United Kingdom implementation of the "mainland balance" policy has its long history, starting from the 16th century, it became a United Kingdom policy traditions. Since the island's geographical position, the United Kingdom always worried about the continent on a country strong enough to dominate the continent, so for the safety of the United Kingdom or power status is menacing. In the two world wars, to prevent the emergence of a single power in mainland China, the United Kingdom has played an important role. As Churchill 1936 in the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Parliamentary Caucus of the Conservative Party of a speech eloquently pointed out: "United Kingdom 400 years of foreign policy, has always been opposed to the Mainland on the most powerful, most aggressive dominance of countries, in particular to prevent the State from falling into the low countries. Historically, in the fourth century, people and events, the environment and the situation has undergone many changes, but this goal is consistent, this is the world of all race, nationality, country or people of historical records in one of the most prominent event. Also, regardless of whether in any case, the United Kingdom always walk difficult road. "With the end of World War II, the United Kingdom lost the support of its" mainland balance "policy material basis, balance policies are no longer as its main foreign policy to perform. But as Churchill said, "historically, in the four centuries, the people and events, the environment and the situation has undergone many changes, but this goal is consistent--------" the author believes that the balance of the foreign policy in war is not in the United Kingdom has no problem, but it is no longer as a major policy. The author attempts to define the balance of power: it first as a power balance of the foreign policy, and then with the long period of operation — like the United Kingdom that has performed more than four centuries — began to be into a diplomatic and cultural tradition is not a policy, as a cultural psychology, diplomacy and culture. Just like the United Kingdom, even if it's after World War II diplomatic strategy core has undergone great changes, but as a way to perform hundreds of foreign cultural tradition or diplomatic, balance cannot be revived, and diplomatic options and the impact of the practice. Especially when the implementation of this policy of some intrinsic factors, such as the island's geographical position, it was not possible to change. From the geo-political decisions of national interests, the United Kingdom will not be faced with a powerful forces in mainland China's rise and the peace of mind, regardless of whether such a power is a national or a national organization. However European historical development up to now, could appear similar to the history of France or Germany as a State to dominate the continent's possibilities, but we do so, the former France or Germany individual countries dominate the EU now has become the dominating, especially now that the EU is dominated in France and Germany. France and Germany is also the "reincarnation", with the more subtle and reasonable means to achieve historically achieved but not dream? "are two countries from the cooperative security" (Cooperativesecurity) to the hegemony of the "cooperation" (Cooperativehegemony)? author believes United Kingdom is such a concern. In the process of European integration, the United Kingdom has been falling in the EU, has been a drag-and-half measures the EU back. United Kingdom why do? some say, the United Kingdom join the European Union (EU) is to prevent the European integration, it is not unreasonable. But the EU from its inception to the present, it represents the expectations of the European people, represents a revival and a strong will, and now not only is the European Union, the world is concerned about it, because it represents a regional integration trends and trends. United Kingdom is therefore confronted with the embarrassing situation: the United Kingdom in view of the EU for such a position, neither as old as opposed to France or Germany to oppose the EU, but can't watch the EU is not in their own strength to sit under the guidance of sitting, so only passively resist European integration, try to slow down the development process of the EU until they become the dominant power. 5. closing 1945-1973 United Kingdom mainland policy development process, the United Kingdom in the postwar diplomacy for some unusual course, mixed with United Kingdom on their own strength and position of the decliningHelpless and requirements to revitalize and pursuing its great power status of infinite expectation. Pragmatic pursuit to the United Kingdom and on their own in continental Europe, but also to the pursuit and join. However, even if the United Kingdom have experienced pain after the EC can also be included, but it itself because the policy mistakes and the loss of not just time. When the United Kingdom back to the European continent, it found that everything is strange. However on the United Kingdom, the biggest impact than they have been marginalized, but France and Germany work together at the helm of this ship wheel of navigation. United Kingdom is in a dilemma. When the reality of policy failure, the traditional balance of policies are floating out of the water, and became the United Kingdom and EU influence (EC) relationship of the "invisible hand", this is what we have seen the discord between the United Kingdom and the EU constantly why, this is also the author of the obligation. But the balance of power in both can play in relation to the specific impact, I believe that depends on the United Kingdom and the specific interaction between the EU, particularly in the United Kingdom and France and Germany both interactive. In other words, the success of the United Kingdom to the EU decision making of the core leadership, play a leading role. The root of all this, in turn, depends on the development of the United Kingdom itself.